What is the Grid?
The Grid is the next step in
exploiting networked computer power. Currently the Internet and World Wide Web
allow us to share information and transfer data quickly and easily around the
world. In the future the Grid will let us share computer processing power,
software packages and data storage space.
The Grid has many
applications, but its first major application will be to allow researchers at
CERN to share global computing power to manage and process the huge quantities
of data that will be produced by the LHC.
By linking desk top computers in a global network, managed by so-called
middleware, the Grid brings supercomputing power to desk tops.
Through the organisation
GridPP (Particle Physics Grid) the UK has a significant role in developing Grid
computing and several GridPP computer ‘farms’ are located around the UK in
University departments.
In computing, layout is the
process of calculating the position of objects in space subject to various
constraints. This functionality can be part of an application or packaged as a
reusable component or library.
Examples
Page layout is the
computation of the position of the paragraphs, sentences, words and letters of
a text. This is done by desktop publishing software, typesetting software and
web browser engines. These in turn include font layout and rendering engines,
that calculate the correct position of glyphs, which can be a challenge with
complex scripts. Images can also be embedded in the text.
Another form of layout is
found in layout managers. They are part of widget toolkits and have the ability
to automatically calculate a widget's position based on alignment constraints
without the need for the programmer to specify absolute coordinates.
Graph drawing software automatically determine
the position of the vertexes and edges of a graph with various goals like
minimization of the number of edge intersections, minimization of total area or
production of an aesthetically pleasing result. This type of software is
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